Filip Drmic, Monyrak Kim, Thomas Keller

AI chatbots such as ChatGPT, Copilot, and Gemini are becoming increasingly embedded in the everyday, educational, and professional lives of adolescents and young adults. While prior research has highlighted both the benefits of chatbot use and concerns about excessive or problematic engagement, less is known about which psychosocial factors are associated with elevated risk among apprentices in vocational education. Addressing this gap, the present study examines whether loneliness, social anxiety, and privacy concerns predict membership in a risk group for problematic AI chatbot use among Swiss apprentices aged 15 to 19. The study draws on a quantitative online survey conducted at vocational schools in Switzerland. The survey captures psychosocial indicators, AI chatbot usage patterns, and indicators of problematic use, enabling an empirical assessment of whether these variables differentiate adolescents with higher -risk usage profiles from their peers. By focusing on apprentices, the study extends emerging research on problematic AI use to a population that is highly relevant for both education and workforce preparation, yet still underrepresented in the literature. The article contributes to current debates on adolescent AI use by linking psychosocial vulnerability to risk-related patterns of chatbot engagement in a vocational education context. It thereby provides a foundation for identifying potentially vulnerable user groups and for developing evidence -based prevention, digital literacy, and educational support strategies for the responsible use of AI chatbots.

Wendy L. Currie, Jonathan Seddon, Leslie P. Willcocks

Automation anxiety, the pervasive concern about the adverse consequences of technological change, is conceptually fragmented within the Information Systems (IS) literature. Existing research addresses related issues in isolation, thus limiting understanding of how these concerns interact and persist over time. This paper develops an integrated and historically grounded conceptualization of automation anxiety for the IS field. Drawing on an inductive synthesis of IS and social‑science research, the paper defines automation anxiety. It identifies five interrelated dimensions: Job Replacement, Deskilling Effect, Supply Chain Risk, Data Vulnerability, and Solow’s Paradox. These dimensions are organised into a web of automation anxiety, highlighting how technological risk is shaped not only by calculable hazard but also by socially amplified outrage. To explain the persistence and evolution of automation an xiety, the framework is situated within a longitudinal analysis of five eras of computing, adapted from Moschella’s waves‑of‑power model. The analysis shows how anxieties associated with scale, speed, connectivity, human limits, and combinatorial innovation accumulate, recombine and amplify as technologies persist, layer, and diffuse. By integrating conceptual, interactional, and longitudinal perspectives, this paper positions automation anxiety as a cumulative socio‑technical phenomenon rather than a trans ient or technology‑specific reaction. The framework offers IS researchers a structured lens for analyzing technological fear across eras . It provides managers and policymakers with insights into how design, governance, and communication choices can mitigate anxiety in increasingly automated environments.

Petra Maria Asprion, Bettina Schneider, Luca Knecht

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping both economic activity and organi sational operations, but its misuse has helped to amplify the scale and sophistication of cybercrime. Criminal actor s increasingly employ AI to automate attacks, craft convincing social engineering campaigns, and exploit system vulnerabilities, creating risks that many existing cybersecurity frameworks are not designed to address. This research investigates how AI enabl es such malicious activities by identifying and categorizing the key criminal elements associated with AI-driven threats. The study used a qualitative design combining a structured literature review with semi -structured expert interviews to ensure methodol ogical rigor and practical relevance. Using the findings from these methods, a governance-oriented framework for strengthening organizational defenc e has been developed . The framework presents clear, actionable measures that help organisations evaluate vulnerabilities, improve preparedness, and establish governance mechanisms suited to AI -related risk. Expert validation hast demonstrated its practical relevance for cybersecurity teams, I nformation Technology (IT) managers, and risk officers. By offering structured guidance tailored to medium - and large-sized organi sations, these results contribute to ongoing policy discussions by offering a systematic, practice-aligned approach to strengthening organi sational defence against emerging AI-enabled threats.

Tanja Grmuša, Goran Luburić, Dijana Vuković

This peer-reviewed paper presents original scientific research in computer science and information systems, addressing "Reframing Digital Transformation: a Multidimensional Model of Sustainable Transformation Through Innovation Culture, Csr, and Organisational Resilience". The authors discuss theoretical foundations, system architectures, empirical evaluations, and practical implications for modern digital ecosystems. Published in IJCSIS Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026).

Giovanni Galeoto, Donatella Valente, Ilaria Ruotolo, Giovanni Sellitto, Luisa Romanò

Admission to undergraduate programs in the Health Professions represents a high-stakes proces s that requires structured and reliable assessment tools to ensure fair and transparent selection. In this context, digital simulation environments may offer valuable support for test preparation while also enabling the collection of large -scale data on st udent participation and performance. The present study describes the development and implementation of a digital application designed to simulate the Italian admission test for Health Professions degree programs. The platform was used to deliver a nationwi de initiative, The Simulation Day 2025, which included both an asynchronous simulation available over several days and a live simulation conducted shortly before the official examination. Both formats reproduced the structure, timing, and scoring criteria of the ministerial test. Early descriptive data were collected from students who voluntarily accessed the platform. Analyses focused on participation patterns, completion times, overall scores, and performance across subject areas. In addition, data from t raining activities were examined to explore changes in response accuracy with repeated exposure to test questions. The results show broad participation across different educational backgrounds and geographic areas, together with variability in performance and engagement patterns. Overall, the findings suggest that digital simulation tools are a feasible and scalable approach to support admission test preparation and to generate useful data for understanding student performance in high-stakes assessment contexts.

Svitlana Skvortsova, Tetyana Symonenko, Kira Hnezdilova, Natalia Molodcha

This peer-reviewed paper presents original scientific research in computer science and information systems, addressing "Virtual Laboratories in Secondary Education in Ukraine: Prevalence, Implementation Practices, Teacher’s Perceptions, and Systemic Barriers". The authors discuss theoretical foundations, system architectures, empirical evaluations, and practical implications for modern digital ecosystems. Published in IJCSIS Vol. 21 No. 1 (2026).

Tural Ahmadli

Enterprise Architecture (EA) has grown from a niche technical discipline into a central pillar of strategic management, yet fundamental questions about its definition, value, and measurement remain surprisingly unresolved. This paper presents a systematic review of reviews, drawing on 32 peer -reviewed studies published from 2010 onward, to map the current state of EA scholarship and practice. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review proceeds through transparent screening, quality assessment, and thematic synthesis. Three contributions result. First, we propose a review-derived, integrative definition of EA as "a strategic approach which allows organizations to create and sustain aligned representations of business strategy and information technology," reconciling the long-standing tension between EA as a product and EA as an ongoing process. Second, we trace EA's historical arc across three phases: foundational framework-building, governance and implementation focus, and dynamic capability for digital transformation. Third, we synthesize evidence on benefits, persistent challenges, and evaluation models to produce a forward-looking research agenda. Benefits consistently reported include business–IT alignment, operational agility, and efficiency gains; however, these materialize only when governance, executive sponsorship, and adaptive oversight are in place. Challenges cluster around leaders hip gaps, cultural resistance, governance ambiguity, and communication failures. Evaluation approaches remain fragmented and under -validated, with notable absences of multi -stakeholder perspectives and automated data-collection tools.

Pedro Isaías

Editorial preface for Volume 21, Issue 1 of the IADIS International Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems (IJCSIS). This issue brings together peer-reviewed original research contributions covering the wide spectrum of Information Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Software Engineering, and Digital Transformation.