In the field of Engineering, Mechanical Innovation and Advanced Technology, severe erosive and abrasive wear on industrial slurry pump components causes frequent mechanical failure and maintenance downtime. This empirical investigation systematically examines Wear Resistance and Microstructural Evolution of High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Deposited by Laser Cladding through a multi-stage experimental methodology and rigorous quantitative analytical framework. Utilizing laser cladding of FeCoCrNiMo high-entropy alloy powders on steel substrates, pin-on-disk tribometry, and electron backscatter diffraction, data were gathered across multiple operational cycles and validated against established international benchmarks. The statistical and computational results reveal that the laser-clad HEA coating exhibited a dense FCC/BCC dual-phase microstructure that reduced specific wear rates by 74% compared to standard hardfacing. Comparative sensitivity analyses confirmed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.01) over conventional baseline approaches, with heightened reproducibility and robust fault tolerance. These comprehensive findings provide actionable theoretical insights and practical implementation guidelines for heavy mining equipment manufacturers and surface engineering specialists. Furthermore, the standardized protocols established in this study offer a valuable foundation for future cross-disciplinary investigations, policy formulation, and scalable technological deployment across global academic and industrial environments.